In Equisetum, the horsetails, the haploid spores fall on the suitable substratum and germinate to a prothallus. The gametophyte contains female gametangium and male gametangium.

Ginkgo is a Gymnosperm. The male and the female gametophytes in this group of plants are highly reduced and are represented by single or few cells. The microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis and forms microspores. They do not have any independent existence.

The sporophytes of mosses (like Polytrichum) contain elaborated foot, seta, and capsule. On the other hand, foot and seta are absent in liverworts like Riccia.

Volvox is a member of Chlorophyceae and are motile, colonial alga. They show oogamous type of sexual reproduction.

(E) Slime moulds are the fungus-like protists. They are heterotrophic, saprobiotic, and show the presence of cell wall in their spores.

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